2, 3 In the early stage of inflammation, some fibroblasts always participate in the activation of the inflammatory process. 1 Then, the interaction between pathogenic microorganisms and host cells mediates inflammatory progression from the early stage to the advanced stage. When infection occurs, host cells in the innate immune system sense the damaging insult from invading microorganisms. Inflammation plays a central role in the innate immunity, and it comprises a wide variety of pathological processes that are usually in response to infection. Our work verified the feasibility of fibroblast membrane-camouflaged nanoparticles for inflammation treatment in the early stage, which widens the potential cell types for inflammation regulation. Moreover, nanoparticles can alleviate the secretion of multiple inflammatory cytokines to achieve multitargeted anti-inflammatory effects, attenuating inflammatory conditions in the early stage. coli LPS) with resident fibroblasts to effectively inhibit the activation of intricate signaling pathways. Nanoparticles have been proven to act as sentinels to detect and competitively neutralize invasive Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide ( E. In this study, we investigated the prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy of fibroblast membrane-camouflaged nanoparticles for topical treatment of early inflammation (early pulpitis as the model) with the help of in-depth bioinformatics and molecular biology investigations in vitro and in vivo. Prevention and early intervention of inflammation can reduce the risk of irreversible tissue damage and loss of function, but no cell membrane-camouflaged nanotechnology has been reported to achieve stage-specific treatment in these conditions. Immune cell membrane-camouflaged nanoparticles have been proven to show promise as inflammation targets and multitargeted inflammation controls in the treatment of severe inflammation. Unrestrained inflammation is harmful to tissue repair and regeneration.
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